Which of the following best describes "self-monitoring" in reading?

Self-monitoring in reading refers to the process by which readers actively check their understanding and awareness of their reading as they engage with a text. This involves the ability to recognize when something does not make sense and to take steps to correct or adjust one's understanding.

The practice of checking one's reading through word matching and noticing language mismatches is a core component of self-monitoring. It allows readers to stop periodically and ask themselves if the words they are reading align with their expectations or comprehension of the text. When readers notice discrepancies, they can pause to re-read, clarify meanings, or reflect on the context, thereby enhancing their understanding of the material.

In contrast, reading aloud with emotional expression, tracking progress with graphic organizers, or assessing comprehension through standardized tests do not capture the essence of self-monitoring. These practices may support comprehension in various ways, but they do not involve the direct, self-directed checks that characterize effective self-monitoring strategies.