What role does background knowledge play in reading comprehension?

Background knowledge plays a critical role in reading comprehension because it enables readers to make connections between what they already know and the new information presented in the text. This connection allows readers to draw inferences, which are essential for grasping deeper meanings that are not explicitly stated. When readers can relate the content of a passage to their own experiences or previously acquired knowledge, they are better equipped to understand complex themes, recognize nuances, and interpret the author's intention.

For instance, if a reader has prior knowledge about a specific topic discussed in a text, they can more easily understand references, identify underlying messages, and predict outcomes based on the context. This deeper level of engagement enhances overall comprehension and retention of the material, allowing readers to navigate the text more effectively.