What is the relationship between orthography and language?

The relationship between orthography and language is best captured by how orthography refers to the alphabetic code used to represent the sounds of spoken language in writing. Orthography encompasses the conventions and rules governing the spelling of words, including the use of letters, diacritics, and other symbols that reflect the sound systems of a language.

This choice highlights the essential role that orthography plays in bridging spoken and written communication. A well-defined alphabetic code allows learners to decode, encode, and understand written forms of language, making it foundational for literacy development. Understanding orthography is crucial for phonics instruction, spelling, and reading comprehension, as it provides learners with the tools to connect sounds with their written representations effectively.